Topological Metaphors for Structuring Games (I): Storyspaces

Wey-Han Tan (April 2008)

StorySpaces

Stories give in-game experiences context and contingency. There are abstract games like „Tetris“ or „Add’em up„, which rely exclusively on game mechanism and aesthetics to hold the player’s attention. But in the end, a player of an abstract game can retell it to interested listeners just in terms of general adjectives, and not about the none the less exciting events and situations in it.

Connected to Situated Cognition, Anchored Instruction and Cognitive Apprenticeship, one can say that a gripping story that’s deemed worth to be retold by the player/learner, is also one most likely to be remembered – including the facts and skills contextualised with and situated in it. Weiterlesen

Topological Metaphors for Structuring Games (II): Rulespaces

This is a short summary on „Storyspaces and Rulespaces“ from the MA in ePedagogy Design I’m currently working on.
Wey-Han Tan (April 2008)

Rulespaces

Rules define the boundaries of the player’s actions and give them direction and jurisdiction. As shown in the ambivalence of games and toys (Sutton-Smith), they provide both limits and freedom, but also usually require unquestioned acceptance (Caillois) for the player to play a game.
As well as the method of teaching (see the learning paradigms) has repercussions on what is learned beyond the overt content, so does the use of certain types of rules affect the playing experience and the situating of skills and knowledge learned in-game. Weiterlesen

Creating cognitive tension – and then what?

I stumbled upon this entry in the great BoingBoing-blog, an excerpt from a longer Smithonian article: Steve Martin explaining a special method of eliciting laughter from the audience, in comparision to the usual comedian’s technique of creating tension and releasing laughter via a punchline.

Martin’s approach is different: Creating tension – and not to relieve it. Giving an unexpected anticlimax, not the expected ‚unexpected‘ exit. And then let the audience choose a point where to relieve the upbuilt tension. Steve Martin:

„What if there were no punch lines? What if there were no indicators? What if I created tension and never released it? What if I headed for a climax, but all I delivered was an anticlimax? What would the audience do with all that tension? Theoretically, it would have to come out sometime. But if I kept denying them the formality of a punch line, the audience would eventually pick their own place to laugh, essentially out of desperation. This type of laugh seemed stronger to me, as they would be laughing at something they chose, rather than being told exactly when to laugh.“

This seems to be a good approach, too, for educational gaming. In a usual, moderate constructivistic setting, you have the path of

[exploration] – [encounter of a task/test] – [correct solving of the task/test] – [reward].

What will happen if you constantly deny the learner the ‚punchline‘ as confirmation that he learned something he was meant to learn?

Narrativer Wissenstransfer

Die Erzählung ist vermutlich eine der ältesten Methodiken der Organisation und eines der ältesten Medien der Weitergabe von Wissen. Grundvoraussetzung ist ihre kulturelle Einbettung in die Verstehenswelt des Zuhörers oder Lesers während das mögliche Ziel gleichzeitig auch die Umkehrung in Form der Enkulturation sein kann.
Geschichten sollen entführen – und heimführen.

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